Jurassic and Cretaceous (Yanshannian) tectonics,magmatism and metallogenesis in South China: preface     

Xiaoyong Yang  Weidong Sun 《International Geology Review》2018,60(11-14):1321-1325

ABSTRACT

South China is famous for its poly-metal deposits, with more than 50% of global W and Sb reserves, 20% of global Sn reserves, as well as abundant Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag, Ta, Nb, REE and U deposits. This special issue consists of 21 papers, reporting recent progress on Yanshannian tectonic evolution, magmatism and ore deposits in South China, aiming at better understandings on the Mesozoic large-scale magmatism and mineralization events.  相似文献   

3D打印技术在矿床学中的应用研究——以内蒙古乌力吉敖包萤石矿Ⅲ号矿体为例     

陈奇 《地质与勘探》2018,54(4):833-845

3D打印(3D printing)是一种以三维模型为样本的快速成形技术,它通过逐层打印或粉末熔铸的方式来构造需要的立体图形。本文从3D打印技术的原理及其发展现状入手,重点列举内蒙古乌力吉敖包萤石矿,利用3D打印机打印具有现实可观性的地质体实体,探讨3D打印技术作为新兴的科技手段应用于矿床学教学与研究的应用价值和发展前景。研究发现,3D打印技术在矿体三维可视化中的应用符合地质图件立体化和3D打印技术多领域化的趋势,未来3D打印技术在地质领域的应用也有助于开拓矿床学教学和研究的新方式与新思路。  相似文献   

天山-兴蒙造山带主要钼矿床Re-Os定年和地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

郭瑞清柴凤梅  韩春明 《地质科学》2018,(3):1119-1135

天山-兴蒙钼矿带是中亚成矿域的重要组成部分,该成矿带主要呈近东西向分布;本文通过对天山-兴蒙钼矿带4个典型矿床Re-Os同位素精确定年,结合前人区域动力学背景的研究,揭示天山-兴蒙造山带钼矿床的成矿作用主要与岩浆侵入形成的花岗岩热液作用有关,并识别出兴蒙造山带3期岩浆活动、钼成矿作用和构造热事件;Re-Os定年结果揭示出晚古生代铜-钼矿床与俯冲-增生作用有关,三叠纪钼的成矿形成于西伯利亚板块与塔里木-华北克拉通碰撞背景下,而侏罗纪-早白垩世的钼成矿作用与古太平洋板块西向俯冲作用有关。  相似文献   

斑岩型钼矿床研究进展与问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹冲  申萍 《地质论评》2018,64(2):477-497

本文在简要介绍全球重要成矿带斑岩型钼矿床品位、储量、时空分布以及构造背景的基础上,着重归纳了斑岩型钼矿床中Mo在岩浆—热液演化过程中的地球化学行为特征以及Mo在成矿流体中的迁移与沉淀机制两个方面的研究进展。取得了以下认识:形成斑岩型钼矿床成矿岩浆氧逸度(f_(O2))变化范围较大,但一般大于铁橄榄石—磁铁矿—石英(FMQ)缓冲体系。斑岩钼矿床形成的主要受岩浆房的大小,大体积的岩浆流体能否高效聚集到浅部岩株或岩脉,岩浆中的挥发分(例如F)含量等因素的控制,但与成矿花岗岩和出溶流体中Mo的含量高低无直接关系。成矿流体的氧逸度与p H降低对辉钼矿沉淀具有关键作用。除此之外,温度与盐度降低对辉钼矿沉淀也有重要作用。流体的多阶段沸腾可能对提高Mo品位具有重要意义。此外,应加强岩浆结晶分异过程、岩浆热液转化过程Mo的地球化学行为研究。  相似文献   

哈萨克斯坦楚—萨雷苏盆地砂岩型铀矿床地质—伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿砂岩成岩蚀变特征及其有机-无机流体成岩成矿效应     

丁波  刘红旭  李平  张虎军  张宾  潘澄雨  张晓 《地质论评》2018,64(1):149-164

伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该区铀矿的成矿流体进行了较为系统的研究,但对其成矿流体来源依然存在较大的分歧,尤其对该区成矿流体与蚀变特征、铀成矿的内在联系研究较少。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体来源及其与成岩蚀变、铀成矿的内在联系,综合地应用了偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段,对其含矿目的层砂岩成岩蚀变进行系统的分析,并对蚀变矿物高岭石H—O同位素、碳酸盐胶结物C—O同位素及黄铁矿S同位素进行了研究。研究表明：与砂岩型铀矿有关的成岩蚀变类型主要有黏土化、碳酸盐化、硅化及金属矿化;成矿流体中水δDH2O,V SMOW为-48.3‰～-93‰, δ18OH2O,V SMOW为-10.3‰～-5.1‰,碳酸盐胶结物δ13CV PDB为-10.9‰～-7.2‰,δ18OV SMOW为176‰～249‰,黄铁矿δ34SV CDT为-17.3‰～12‰,上述特征揭示蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水（无机）和煤系地层有机质脱羟基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH4等还原性气体（煤层气）（有机）两部分组成;成岩蚀变和铀成矿效应皆是有机—无机流体及流体与周围砂岩相互作用的结果。  相似文献   

The source of sulfur in sulfide deposits in the Siberian Platform traps (from isotope data)     

V.V. Ryabov  O.N. Simonov  S.G. Snisar  A.A. Borovikov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(8):945-961

The source of sulfur in giant Norilsk-type sulfide deposits is discussed. A review of the state of the problem and a critical analysis of existing hypotheses are made. The distribution of δ³⁴S in sulfides of ore occurrences and small and large deposits and in normal sedimentary, metamorphogenic, and hypogene sulfates is considered. A large number of new δ³⁴S data for sulfides and sulfates in various deposits, volcanic and terrigenous rocks, coals, graphites, and metasomatites are presented. The main attention is focused on the objects of the Norilsk and Kureika ore districts. The δ³⁴S value varies from -14 to + 22.5‰ in sulfides of rocks and ores and from 15.3 to 33‰ in anhydrites. In sulfide-sulfate intergrowths and assemblages, δ³⁴S is within 4.2-14.6‰ in sulfides and within 15.3-21.3‰ in anhydrites. The most isotopically heavy sulfur was found in pyrrhotite veins in basalts (δ³⁴S = 21.6‰), in sulfate veins cutting dolomites (δ³⁴S = 33‰), and in subsidence caldera sulfates in basalts (δ³⁴S = 23.2-25.2‰). Sulfide ores of the Tsentral’naya Shilki intrusion have a heavy sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S = + 17.7‰ (n = 15)). Thermobarogeochemical studies of anhydrites have revealed inclusions of different types with homogenization temperatures ranging from 685 °C to 80 °C. Metamorphogenic and hypogene anhydrites are associated with a carbonaceous substance, and hypogene anhydrites have inclusions of chloride-containing salt melts. We assume that sulfur in the trap sulfide deposits was introduced with sulfates of sedimentary rocks (δ³⁴S = 22-24‰). No assimilation of sulfates by basaltic melt took place. The sedimentary anhydrites were “steamed” by hydrocarbons, which led to sulfate reduction and δ³⁴S fractionation. As a result, isotopically light sulfur accumulated in sulfides and hydrogen sulfide, isotopically heavy sulfur was removed by aqueous calcium sulfate solution, and “residual” metamorphogenic anhydrite acquired a lighter sulfur isotope composition as compared with the sedimentary one. The wide variations in δ³⁴S in sulfides and sulfates are due to changes in the physicochemical parameters of the ore-forming system (first of all, temperature and P_ch4) during the sulfate reduction. The regional hydrocarbon resources were sufficient for large-scale ore formation.  相似文献   

Exhumation of the Mesozoic Guojialing Granodiorite: Implication for the Preservation of Gold Deposits in the Jiaobei Terrane,China     

《Resource Geology》2018,68(1):51-64

Preservation conditions are very important for mineral systems and a suitable exhumation process is critical for endogenetic deposits, especially for those deposits formed in orogenic settings, where deposits are inclined to erode away due to strong uplift. The G uojialing batholith, intruding into the L inglong granites and the J iaodong G roup right before regional gold mineralization, is one of the most important gold ore‐hosting M esozoic intrusions in the J iaobei terrane. Gold deposits and the intrusion together underwent similar tectonothermal evolutionary processes. Exhumation and denudation process of the G uojialing granodiorite was constrained by biotite geobarometry and apatite fission track (FT ) analysis. Biotite geobarometric data yields an emplacement depth of 3.0 km, while denudation since 110 M a was calculated from the FT data at about 2.7 km. FT inverse modeling revealed a rapid uplift since ca 100 Ma. Compared with the gold ore‐forming depth which is confined between 2.5 and 9.5 km by fluid inclusion studies, great gold potential in the depths is inferred in the J iaobei terrane. Our result is consistent, to some extent, with the hypothesis of a M esozoic paleoplateau in E ast C hina.  相似文献   

Dating of megaflood deposits in the Russian Altai using rock surface luminescence     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Catastrophic drainage of ice-dammed lakes in the Altai Mountains has been inferred from geomorphological evidence in the Katun Valley (Russia), and is presumed to have occurred during the Pleistocene. The sedimentary features have been difficult to date directly, due to the absence of organic carbon, and the improbability that luminescence signals in sand grains would be reset during transport. However, the development of rock-surface luminescence dating provides a new opportunity to date the features: clasts have a different transport history to sand grains, and their luminescence depth profiles can be inspected for evidence of bleaching before burial. Here we investigate two sites in the Altai Mountains, and use rock-surface luminescence burial dating to constrain the age of the megaflood deposits. In the Katun Valley, we sampled granite cobbles from a frozen sediment clast emplaced as a dropstone within a massive megaflood gravel terrace. Burial ages for the clasts range from 16.7 to 21.4 ka, with a mean age of 19.8 ± 1.5 ka. This represents the depositional age of the fluvial sediments that preceded the lake outburst flood, (and hence places a maximum age on the catastrophic flood). Clasts sampled from mega-ripples in the Kurai Basin are shown to have a mid-to-late Holocene burial age, which is not consistent with the possible origin of these features during a catastrophic drainage of a glacier-dammed lake. Instead, the burial age of the Kurai Basin sediments may reflect local-scale periglacial or seismic processes along the Kurai Fault Zone.  相似文献   

云南个旧锡铜矿集区石榴子石地球化学特征及成矿指示     

张银平  邵拥军  熊伊曲  席振铢  芦磊  张敏  毛禹杰 《矿床地质》2022,41(4):682-701

云南高松矿床中高峰山矿段和老厂矿床中竹叶山矿段分别是个旧超大型锡铜多金属矿集区发育的典型矽卡岩型锡、铜矿段。为查明个旧矿集区锡铜成矿环境的差异,文章选取上述2个矿段矽卡岩中的石榴子石为研究对象,根据产状和矿物共生关系将石榴子石分为与高峰山花岗岩有关早期（Grt-GS1）、晚期（Grt-GS2）、与竹叶山花岗岩有关（Grt-ZS）和与玄武岩有关（Grt-ZX）共4类。电子探针（EPMA）和激光剥蚀等离子质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析表明：Grt-GS1(Adr_10.58-20.27Grs_38.62-48.28Spe_21.06-32.37Alm_11.88-18.03)成分复杂且变化范围较大,而Grt-GS2(Adr_48.09-69.73Grs_23.84-48.87Spe_3.29-9.58)和Grt-ZS (Adr_13.97-16.06Grs_78.08-79.71Spe_2.15-2.60)成分简单且变化小;稀土元素配分曲线均呈HREE富集、LREE亏损的“左倾型”,并具明显的负Eu异常。Grt-ZX成分简单且较均一(Adr_20.12-21.99Grs_70.84-71.44Pyr_6.29-7.92),稀土元素配分曲线呈HREE亏损、LREE富集的“右倾型”,呈明显的正Eu异常,且F、Cl、U、Th、Pb、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ti等元素含量均高于其余3类石榴子石。所有石榴子石REE³⁺与Mg²⁺的正相关性表明,REE³⁺受[X²⁺]Ⅷ-1[REE³⁺]Ⅷ+1[Y³⁺]Ⅳ-1[Y²⁺]Ⅳ+1替换机制的控制,REE³⁺主要替代Mg²⁺进入石榴子石晶格。石榴子石的U、Sn含量及稀土元素配分特征指示：高峰山石榴子石（Grt-GS1和Grt-GS2）在演化过程中氧逸度明显升高、竹叶山石榴子石（Grt-ZS和Grt-ZX）形成的氧逸度总体高于高峰山,但Grt-ZX形成时氧逸度低于Grt-ZS。稀土元素特征显示：Grt-GS1、Grt-GS2与Grt-ZS均形成于弱酸性环境,而Grt-ZX形成于近中性且富F、Cl的环境下。∑REE³⁺与Y呈良好的正相关性和REE含量变化指示4类石榴子石均形成于封闭或近封闭的体系中,在接近平衡和低水岩比的条件中受扩散交代作用缓慢生长而形成。综合研究表明,玄武岩对成矿的影响在于改变了流体性质,为成矿提供了大量微量元素（如Co、Ni、V、Cr等）和有利于成矿离子运移和富集的卤族元素（如F、Cl）,而高峰山矿段锡富集的原因可能是在演化过程中水岩反应的加强和氧逸度的升高。  相似文献   

贵州煤中某些金属元素异常富集研究进展     

张衍  程伟  杨瑞东  杨博  吕放  罗朝坤  许议元 《地质论评》2022,68(5):2022102014-2022102014

煤层能在特定的地质条件下富集多种关键金属元素,形成具有综合利用价值的“煤型关键金属矿床”,随着煤中共伴生金属元素提取技术日益成熟,研究煤中金属元素的富集与分布特征、查明具有成矿潜力的富集区具有十分重要的资源意义。本研究基于近20年以来前人发表的有关贵州煤地球化学的研究成果及作者自测数据,统计了贵州省23个主要产煤县（市）的1002个样品数据,揭示了贵州煤中Li、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U和稀土元素（REY）等关键金属元素的总体分布富集特征。研究表明,贵州煤中Li、Zr、Nb、REY等关键金属元素较为富集并具有共伴生成矿潜力的区域为黔北煤田和黔西南兴义煤田两个区域。其中,金沙、桐梓、普安等地煤中Li平均含量换算为灰基Li2O 分别为1254 μg/g、1214 μg/g和724.4 μg/g,务川和正安煤种Zr平均含量换算为灰基ZrO2分别为4749 μg/g和4168 μg/g,务川煤中Nb平均含量换算为灰基Nb2O5为484.4 μg/g,金沙、桐梓、务川及凯里煤中REY含量换算为灰基稀土氧化物REO含量分别为2175 μg/g、2429 μg/g、2875 μg/g和2604 μg/g,这些含量均超过了相应矿种的最低工业品位或文献建议的可回收利用指标。贵州煤中多种金属元素具有较高的含量背景值,尤其以黔西南兴义煤田和黔北煤田最为显著,作者建议应进一步加强对上述两个区域的煤地球研究,查清煤中微量元素的时空分布与富集规律,为煤型关键金属矿床的找矿勘查提供更可靠科学依据。贵州晚二叠世煤中异常富集的Li、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和REY等元素的富集主要受峨眉山玄武岩风化产物的供给、同沉积火山灰的混入以及成煤期后低温热液作用的影响。其中REE的富集,不仅与玄武岩风化产物有关,还可能受到长英质—中性物质输入的影响。  相似文献